Where dizziness gets a diagnosis — Australia's vestibular physician network
02 6170 3351 australiandizzinessclinics@gmail.com

Education Hub

Comprehensive vestibular medicine education for clinicians and patients

Vestibular Education Resources

A library of vestibular medicine resources — organised by who you are, not by pathology. Select your audience below to go straight to the content pitched at the right depth for you.

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Patients Plain-language videos, audio content, and downloadable leaflets — vestibular conditions explained without jargon.
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Most common conditions (7)

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BPPV (Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo)

One of the most common causes of vertigo. Brief spinning episodes triggered by head movements, caused by tiny crystals shifting in the inner ear. Highly treatable with simple repositioning manoeuvres.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Vestibular Migraine

A type of migraine that causes dizziness and vertigo. The most common vestibular condition we treat, and very manageable with the right approach.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Ménière's Disease

An inner ear condition causing vertigo attacks, hearing changes, and ringing in the ear. Manageable with diet, medication, and other treatments.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Vestibular Neuritis

A sudden episode of severe dizziness caused by a viral infection affecting the balance nerve. Recovery is usually good, and rehabilitation speeds it up.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Labyrinthitis

An inner ear infection causing dizziness and hearing changes. Most people recover fully with treatment and rehabilitation.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Post-Concussion Dizziness

Ongoing dizziness or unsteadiness after a concussion or head injury. It is common and real, often has more than one cause at once, and usually improves with the right, paced treatment.

▶ Patient Video 🎧 Patient Audio 📄 Patient Information Leaflet

Motion Sickness

Feeling sick in cars, boats, planes, on fairground rides, or from screens and virtual reality. It is a normal, very common and often inherited tendency — not a disease — and there is a lot that helps, from simple measures to medicines and gradual exposure that retrains the brain.

▶ Patient Video🎧 Patient Audio📄 Patient Information Leaflet
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General Clinicians 14 topics — the GP vestibular curriculum from history and examination through to referral pathways. Videos, podcasts, cheat sheets & literature reviews.
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1. Taking a dizziness history

A structured history is the single most useful diagnostic tool in dizziness. The TiTrATE approach — Timing, Triggers, Associated symptoms, Targeted Examination — distinguishes episodic vs continuous patterns, and spontaneous vs triggered vertigo. Most dizziness diagnoses are made from history alone.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Rethinking the Dizzy HistoryWhy TiTrATE beats "what kind of dizziness"2Triggers and SymptomsThe pattern that makes the dizziness diagnosis3Red Flags and ReferralsWhen dizziness can't wait
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Rethinking the Dizzy HistoryTiTrATE, timing, and the end of "what kind of dizziness"2Triggers and SymptomsThe pattern that makes the dizziness diagnosis3Red Flags and ReferralsWhen dizziness can't wait & the 90-second history
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Vestibular clinician literature review

2. Bedside examination of the dizzy patient

Every dizzy patient needs: HINTS (Head Impulse, Nystagmus characterisation, Test of Skew), a Dix-Hallpike if positional vertigo is suspected, orthostatic blood pressure, and a focused neurological exam. A central HINTS pattern — normal head impulse, direction-changing nystagmus, or skew deviation — in an actively vertiginous patient is a red flag for posterior circulation stroke. This pattern is more sensitive for stroke than early MRI.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1The 60-Second Read — Inspection and GaitWhy the first 60 seconds discriminate peripheral from central2HINTS and Dix-Hallpike at the BedsideOculomotor and positional tests — when and how to use them3Bringing It All Together — Orthostatic BP, Red Flags and ReferralFull bedside synthesis for the general clinician
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Before You Touch the Patient — Inspection, Gait & the 60-Second ReadWhy bedside still outperforms early MRI in AVS2HINTS, HINTS-Plus & Dix-Hallpike — The Oculomotor and Positional ExamThe counter-intuitive head impulse and Dix-Hallpike pitfalls3Orthostatic BP, Focused Neuro, Red Flags & When to ReferSynthesis, documentation, and escalation
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Vestibular clinician literature review

3. Acute vertigo — identifying stroke risk

The acute vestibular syndrome (continuous vertigo >24 hours with nausea and unsteadiness) is vestibular neuritis in ~75% of cases, but up to 25% is posterior circulation stroke. ABCD2 score, HINTS, and vascular risk factors guide workup. Isolated vertigo can be the only stroke symptom, particularly with AICA or PICA territory infarcts.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1The Stroke Hiding as VertigoWhy posterior strokes present as isolated vertigo; ABCD2 vs HINTS2HINTS-Plus at the BedsideThe INFARCT pattern, operator dependence, when HINTS is safe3Triage, Imaging and DispositionCT vs MRI, red flags, when to refer, safety-netting
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1The Stroke Hiding as VertigoDiagnostic errors, ABCD2 limits, pre-test probability2HINTS-Plus at the BedsideINFARCT mnemonic, operator dependence, equivocal reads3Triage, Imaging and DispositionReferral thresholds, MRI-DWI limits, safety-net advice
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → AVS: Stroke vs Neuritis (ED literature review)

4. BPPV

BPPV causes brief episodes of positional vertigo (seconds, not minutes) triggered by head position changes — rolling over, lying flat, looking up. Diagnosis is by Dix-Hallpike (posterior canal, ~85% of BPPV) or supine roll test (lateral canal). Treatment is the Epley manoeuvre, effective in 80–90% after one to two treatments.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising BPPV — The Classic HistoryPathophysiology, five-feature history, pseudo-constant pattern2Diagnostic Manoeuvres — Dix-Hallpike & Supine RollCorrect technique, nystagmus interpretation, red flags3Treatment — Epley, Lateral Canal & Follow-UpEpley step-by-step, Gufoni, outcomes, referral triggers
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising BPPV — The Classic HistoryEpidemiology, pathophysiology, five-feature history2Diagnostic Manoeuvres — Dix-Hallpike & Supine RollTechnique, red-flag patterns, lateral canal interpretation3Treatment — Epley, Lateral Canal & Follow-UpEpley, Gufoni, avoiding suppressants, when to refer
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Inner ear pathology section

5. Vestibular migraine

The most commonly missed vestibular diagnosis. Vestibular migraine causes episodic vertigo lasting minutes to days, often without headache during vertigo episodes. Triggers mirror migraine triggers (sleep, stress, hormonal cycle, specific foods). Diagnostic criteria (ICHD-3 / Bárány Society) require ≥5 episodes and a personal or family history of migraine.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising Vestibular MigraineThe diagnosis everyone misses — pattern, criteria, headache-not-required2Differential and InvestigationsMénière’s, BPPV, central; when to image, when to order audiometry3Managing VM — Lifestyle, Prophylaxis, OutlookTrigger diary, four first-line agents, when to refer
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Vestibular MigraineThe diagnosis everyone misses — why headache is not required2Differential and InvestigationsFrom Ménière’s to MRI — selective workup3Managing VM — Lifestyle, Prophylaxis, OutlookTrigger diary, propranolol, amitriptyline, topiramate, venlafaxine
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Vestibular physician literature review

6. Vestibular neuritis & labyrinthitis

Acute peripheral vertigo lasting days, with unidirectional horizontal nystagmus, abnormal head impulse test to the affected side, and no hearing change (neuritis) or with hearing loss/tinnitus (labyrinthitis). Management is short-course corticosteroids within 72 hours, anti-emetics for 48–72 hours ONLY, and early vestibular rehabilitation within the first week — prolonged vestibular suppressants delay central compensation and are the single commonest management error.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising Acute Vestibular SyndromeHINTS-plus, neuritis vs labyrinthitis, when normal head impulse is a stroke red flag2Managing the Acute PresentationSteroids <72 h, symptom control, and the suppressant trap3Recovery, Rehab, and Long-Term Outlook4-phase rehab, modifiable predictors, secondary BPPV & PPPD
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Acute Vestibular SyndromeHINTS-plus, Bárány criteria, separating peripheral from central2Managing the Acute PresentationSteroids, suppressant trap, labyrinthitis & sudden SNHL3Recovery, Rehab, and Long-Term OutlookRehab progression, BPPV (10–15%), PPPD (20–30%), reopening recurrent cases
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Inner ear pathology section

7. Ménière's disease

Triad of episodic vertigo (20 minutes to 12 hours), fluctuating low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus / aural fullness in the affected ear. Diagnosis is clinical by Bárány Society 2015 criteria; an audiogram capturing low-tone SNHL on the affected side is the single most useful objective test. First-line management is lifestyle (low-salt diet, reduce caffeine and alcohol) plus betahistine and a thiazide diuretic. Escalation includes intratympanic dexamethasone, intratympanic gentamicin, and surgical options for refractory disease.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising Ménière's — Pattern, Tetrad, Bárány CriteriaWhy the audiogram is the diagnosis-defining test2Differential and InvestigationsMénière's vs vestibular migraine; what to order, what to skip3Stepwise Management and When to ReferLifestyle, betahistine, diuretics, intratympanic options, red flags
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Ménière's — Pattern, Tetrad, Bárány CriteriaAudiometry as the diagnostic short-cut2Differential and InvestigationsThree-question triage and selective workup3Stepwise Management and When to ReferLifestyle, first-line drugs, intratympanic, surgical options
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Vestibular physician literature review

8. PPPD (chronic functional dizziness)

Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness presents as chronic non-spinning dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-vertiginous unsteadiness lasting ≥3 months. Exacerbated by upright posture, active or passive motion, and visually complex environments. Often triggered by a preceding vestibular event. Treatment is vestibular rehabilitation, SSRIs/SNRIs, and cognitive-behavioural therapy — not vestibular suppressants.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising PPPD — The Diagnosis Most Clinicians MissBárány criteria, the three-exacerbator fingerprint, and patient language2The Three-Pillar TreatmentVestibular rehab, SSRI/SNRI dosing, and CBT3Pitfalls, Patient Communication and When to ReferThe six pitfalls, the "car alarm" framing, and referral criteria
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising PPPD — The Diagnosis Most Clinicians MissBárány criteria and the three-exacerbator fingerprint2The Three-Pillar TreatmentRehab, SSRI/SNRI titration, CBT, and the deprescribing decision3Pitfalls, Communication, and When to ReferThe six pitfalls and the patient framing that works
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Multisensory / processing section

9. Orthostatic & medication-related dizziness

Non-vertiginous dizziness on standing, often described as lightheadedness or pre-syncope. Active stand test: drop >20 mmHg systolic or >10 mmHg diastolic within 3 minutes (and check at 1, 3, 5, 10 min — single 1-minute readings miss initial and delayed OH). Five distinct syndromes — initial OH, classical OH, delayed OH, neurogenic OH, and POTS — distinguished by timing and HR response. Common culprits include antihypertensives, alpha-blockers, tricyclics, antipsychotics, opioids, and PDE-5 inhibitors. Autonomic causes (diabetic neuropathy, Parkinsonism, multi-system atrophy) need expert input.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1The Five Orthostatic Syndromes in Six MinutesInitial, classical, delayed, neurogenic OH and POTS — distinguished by the active stand test2The Active Stand Test and the Medication ReviewThe 10-minute bedside test, common errors, and the stop / switch / reduce framework3Stepwise Management — From Salt to MidodrineLifestyle, first-line pharmacotherapy, and when to refer
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Orthostatic Dizziness — The Diagnosis Hiding in Plain SightPrevalence, the cardiovascular reflex, and the five orthostatic syndromes2The Active Stand Test and the Five-Minute Medication ReviewThe bedside test done properly and the structured medication review3Treating Orthostatic Intolerance — Lifestyle, Pharmacotherapy & ReferralNon-pharmacological measures, midodrine and fludrocortisone, red flags and referral
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Systemic causes section

10. Dizziness in the elderly / falls

Dizziness in older adults is typically multifactorial — peripheral vestibular loss, orthostatic hypotension, polypharmacy, visual impairment, and lower-limb proprioceptive loss all contribute. Presbyvestibulopathy (age-related bilateral vestibular hypofunction) is a recognised diagnosis. A Timed Up & Go >12 seconds or inability to tandem stand for 10 seconds predicts falls risk.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Why Dizziness in Older Adults is DifferentThe multifactorial mindset and the six contributing systems2Multifactorial Workup at the BedsideTiTrATE additions and the six-domain set in 10 minutes3Falls, Polypharmacy and Multidomain ManagementDeprescribing, vestibular rehab, falls plan, referral
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Why Dizziness in Older Adults is DifferentThe multifactorial mindset and the six contributing systems2Multifactorial Workup at the BedsideTiTrATE additions and the six-domain set in 10 minutes3Falls, Polypharmacy and Multidomain ManagementDeprescribing, vestibular rehab, falls plan, referral
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Systemic causes section

11. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss with vertigo

A true emergency. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (>30 dB over 3 contiguous frequencies within 72 hours), particularly when accompanied by vertigo, requires urgent audiometry and high-dose oral corticosteroids within 72 hours for best outcome. Vertigo with SNHL narrows differential to labyrinthitis, vestibular schwannoma, or AICA territory stroke.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising the Otological EmergencyDefinition, the 72-hour window, Weber to the good ear, central red flags2Treatment Within 72 Hours — Steroids and the Phone Call to ENTPractical prescribing, intratympanic, MRI IAM, and the working ENT script3Central Causes and the Long GameAICA stroke, vestibular schwannoma, autoimmune disease, and rehabilitation
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising the Otological EmergencyThe 72-hour window, the bedside pattern, why HINTS is less reliable here2Treatment Within 72 HoursPrednisolone, monitoring, intratympanic salvage, and the phone-call script3Central Causes and the Long GameAICA, schwannoma, autoimmune disease, rehab, contralateral ear protection
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Inner ear pathology section

12. Post-concussive dizziness

Dizziness is present in 30–60% of patients after mild traumatic brain injury. Common mechanisms include BPPV (check Dix-Hallpike in every post-concussive patient), vestibular migraine, cervicogenic contribution, and PPPD. Prolonged rest worsens outcomes — early supervised vestibular rehabilitation is now standard of care.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising Post-Concussive Dizziness — Mechanisms and Why It MattersSix mechanisms, the three commonly missed, why early activity beats prolonged rest2The Bedside Assessment — Catching Traumatic BPPV and the Other High-Yield DiagnosesDix-Hallpike + supine roll on every patient; VM, cervicogenic, autonomic screen3Management, Rehabilitation and Referral — Preventing ChronicityMechanism-specific treatment, staged return-to-activity, the 4-week referral trigger
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Post-Concussive Dizziness — Mechanisms and Why It Matters30–60% incidence, six mechanisms, why prolonged rest worsens outcomes2The Bedside Assessment — Catching Traumatic BPPV and the Other High-Yield DiagnosesWhy every post-concussive patient needs Dix-Hallpike + supine roll, plus the missed diagnoses3Management, Rehabilitation and Referral — Preventing ChronicityMechanism-specific treatment, staged return-to-activity, Austroads driving advice, the 4-week trigger
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Multisensory / processing section

13. Visual-induced dizziness

Dizziness, unsteadiness, or disorientation provoked by complex visual environments — supermarket aisles, crowds, scrolling screens, patterned carpets, highway driving. A key feature of PPPD and vestibular migraine, but also an independent presentation. Measured by the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS). Often missed because examination is normal between episodes.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1Recognising Visual-Induced DizzinessThe visually-quiet exam, five-feature trigger inventory, why it's missed2Mechanism and the VVASVisual-vestibular mismatch, visual dependence, bedside provocation, 9-item VVAS3Treating Visual-Induced Dizziness4-phase visual habituation, SSRI/SNRI overlay, screen & driving scripts, referral
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising Visual-Induced DizzinessThe visually-quiet exam and the five-feature trigger inventory2Mechanism and the VVASSensory reweighting, visual dependence, bedside provocation, 9-item VVAS3Treating Visual-Induced DizzinessHabituation ladder, pharmacotherapy, lifestyle, referral triggers
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review🔍 Go deeper → Vestibular physician literature review

14. Referral pathways

The structured pathway turns "dizziness referral" into a precise clinical question matched to the right provider, in the right timeframe, with the right information. Three structural problems drive Australian referral inefficiency: no owning specialty, oversubscribed public outpatients, and uneven training in the bedside vestibular exam. Median time-to-diagnosis exceeds 18 months — most of that is referral inefficiency, not diagnostic difficulty. The single highest-yield change is to refer fewer patients, more selectively, based on the syndrome, not the symptom.

▶ GP Clinician Videos (3)
1The Referral Problem and the Workforce MapWhy dizziness is mis-referred and the six providers in Australian vestibular care2Choosing the Right ProviderVestibular physician, ENT, neurology, or stay in primary care3Writing the Letter and Communicating UrgencyEight letter components, four urgency tiers, and closing the loop
🎧 GP Clinician Audio (3)
1The Referral Problem and the Workforce MapWhy dizziness is mis-referred and the Australian vestibular workforce2Choosing the Right ProviderMatch the syndrome to the provider — vestibular physician, ENT, neurology3The Letter, Urgency, and Closing the LoopEight letter components, urgency tiers, and 4–6 week safety-net
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review
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Vestibular Clinicians Deep-dive anatomy, physiology, vestibular function testing, and advanced clinical examination for vestibular medicine practitioners.
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Emergency Clinicians High-acuity protocols — acute vestibular syndrome, stroke mimics, HINTS in the ED, and rapid disposition decision-making.
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1. The HINTS Exam — A Stroke Triage Tool

The three-component bedside exam (Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew) that outperforms CT in the first 48 hours for posterior fossa stroke. The single most important vestibular skill for emergency clinicians.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1 HINTS: Outperforming MRIWhy HINTS beats early MRI for detecting posterior circulation strokes 2 Performing the HINTS ExamStep-by-step guide to the Head Impulse Test, nystagmus, and Test of Skew 3 HINTS: From Exam to ActionTranslating HINTS findings into emergency department triage decisions
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Why HINTS Beats Early MRI for StrokesOrigin, evidence base (Kattah 2009), and the AVS framework that makes HINTS the most powerful bedside stroke-triage tool 2Diagnosing Strokes with the HINTS Eye ExamPrecise bedside technique for all three HINTS components — head impulse, nystagmus assessment, and test of skew 3HINTS Plus — Interpretation, Pitfalls & Safe DispositionINFARCT mnemonic, the AICA-territory pitfall, HINTS Plus, and safe ED disposition decisions
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

3. BPPV in the Emergency Department

Rapid bedside diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo — the most common cause of vertigo presenting to ED. Covers Dix-Hallpike, supine roll, and canalith repositioning manoeuvres.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1 Recognising BPPV in the EDEpidemiology, pathophysiology, canal variants, and common misdiagnoses 2 Dix-Hallpike & Supine RollStep-by-step technique, nystagmus interpretation, and central red flags 3 Treatment & DispositionEpley, BBQ roll, Gufoni manoeuvre, discharge advice, and referral criteria
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Recognising BPPV in the EDEpidemiology, pathophysiology, and why BPPV is frequently misdiagnosed 2Bedside Diagnosis — Dix-Hallpike and Supine RollNystagmus patterns, canal identification, and central red flags 3Treatment and DispositionCanalith repositioning, antiemetics, discharge advice, and specialist referral
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

4. Posterior Circulation Stroke — Vascular Anatomy for ED

Key vertebrobasilar anatomy relevant to dizziness presentations. AICA, PICA, and basilar artery syndromes mapped to clinical signs. When to suspect stroke even with a normal CT.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1Vertebrobasilar Anatomy — The Vessels That MatterVertebrals, basilar, PICA, AICA, SCA and PCA — the vessels and territories ED clinicians must know 2Territory-to-Syndrome MappingWallenberg, AICA audiovestibular, locked-in and top-of-basilar — predicting the artery from the signs 3Red Flags, Imaging & Time-Critical ManagementVertigo-plus syndromes, CT vs CTA vs MRI-DWI, thrombolysis and thrombectomy windows
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Vertebrobasilar Anatomy — The Vessels That MatterA walk through posterior-circulation anatomy and territories for the emergency clinician 2Territory-to-Syndrome MappingPattern-recognition deep dive: matching vertebrobasilar territories to the classical brainstem syndromes 3Red Flags, Imaging & Time-Critical ManagementHow to recognise posterior stroke, choose the right imaging, and act within the reperfusion window
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

5. Episodic Vestibular Syndrome — ED Triage

Framework for the patient with recurrent vertigo episodes: vestibular migraine, Ménière's disease, TIA, and cardiac causes. When to discharge safely and when to escalate.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1Episodic Vertigo in the ED — A Differential FrameworkDefining episodic vestibular syndrome, the differential, and the commonest cause: vestibular migraine 2Ménière's, VB-TIA & Vestibular Paroxysmia — Recognising the PatternsHydrops and Tumarkin, ABCD² risk stratification, and the carbamazepine-responsive paroxysmia 3Cardiac Mimics & ED Algorithm — Getting Disposition RightCardiac and orthostatic causes, red flags, and the structured ED management algorithm
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Framing Episodic Vertigo — Benign vs DangerousDifferential, vestibular migraine, Ménière's disease 2Catching the Dangerous Minority — VB-TIA, Cardiac & ParoxysmiaABCD² risk stratification, cardiac and orthostatic causes, vestibular paroxysmia 3ED Management Algorithm — Risk Stratification & DispositionStructured assessment, red flags, discharge vs admission, follow-up pathways
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

6. Nystagmus Interpretation for Emergency Clinicians

A practical field guide to nystagmus direction, fixation suppression, and gaze-evoked patterns. How to distinguish peripheral from central nystagmus at the bedside without specialist equipment.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1Peripheral Nystagmus — Recognising the Benign PatternUnidirectional horizontal-torsional, Alexander's Law, fixation suppression 2Central Nystagmus — Spotting the Red FlagsDirection-changing, pure vertical, pure torsional, failed fixation suppression 3Bedside Workflow for the Dizzy ED PatientObservation, gaze testing, HINTS, positional manoeuvres — sequential triage
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Peripheral Nystagmus — Recognising the Benign PatternUnidirectional horizontal-torsional, Alexander's Law, fixation suppression 2Central Nystagmus — Spotting the Red FlagsDirection-changing, pure vertical, pure torsional, failed fixation suppression 3Bedside Workflow for the Dizzy ED PatientObservation, gaze testing, HINTS, positional manoeuvres — sequential triage
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

7. Vestibular Emergencies — What Not to Miss

High-stakes diagnoses presenting as dizziness: cerebellar haemorrhage, vertebral artery dissection, Wernicke's encephalopathy, carbon monoxide poisoning. Time-critical presentations where dizziness is a red flag.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1Vascular Killers — Cerebellar Stroke, VAD, and Basilar OcclusionPosterior-circulation red flags, HINTS+, and time-critical imaging decisions 2Metabolic & Toxic Traps — Wernicke's and CO PoisoningUnder-recognised metabolic emergencies that mimic vestibular disease 3Infection, Trauma & the ED PathwayBacterial labyrinthitis, meningitis, temporal bone fracture — and the full disposition rule
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Vascular Killers — Cerebellar Stroke, VAD, and Basilar OcclusionPosterior-circulation red flags, HINTS+, and time-critical imaging decisions 2Metabolic & Toxic Traps — Wernicke's and CO PoisoningUnder-recognised metabolic emergencies that mimic vestibular disease 3Infection, Trauma & the ED PathwayBacterial labyrinthitis, meningitis, temporal bone fracture — and the full disposition rule
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

8. Syncope vs Vertigo — Sorting It Out in ED

Distinguishing true vertigo from presyncope, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmia. The overlap syndromes (carotid sinus hypersensitivity, POTS) and when to involve cardiology.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1Defining the Difference — Syncope vs VertigoBedside definitions, overlap zones, and the witness-history questions that separate them 2Sorting the Causes — Reflex, Orthostatic, CardiacThree mechanism buckets, cardiac red flags, and the Canadian Syncope Risk Score 3ED Workup, Disposition & Vestibular OverlapFive data points, overlap syndromes (CSH, POTS, vestibular syncope), and safe disposition
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Defining the Difference — Syncope vs VertigoBedside definitions, overlap zones, and the witness-history questions that separate them 2Sorting the Causes — Reflex, Orthostatic, CardiacThree mechanism buckets, cardiac red flags, and the Canadian Syncope Risk Score 3ED Workup, Disposition & Vestibular OverlapFive data points, overlap syndromes (CSH, POTS, vestibular syncope), and safe disposition
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

9. Head Impulse Test — Technique and Pitfalls

Correct bedside HIT technique, common errors, and clinical interpretation. How to avoid false negatives in early stroke and false positives in BPPV and medication effects.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1VOR Physiology & the Bedside HITThree-neuron arc, what the head impulse actually tests, and why small-fast-unpredictable matters 2Performing HIT & Reading SaccadesStep-by-step technique, overt vs covert saccades, and interpreting peripheral vs central patterns 3Pitfalls & the Dangerous Negative HITFalse positives, false negatives, vHIT, and why a normal HIT in AVS is a red flag
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1The Origin & Physiology of HITHalmagyi & Curthoys 1988, the VOR three-neuron arc, and the physiological basis of the corrective saccade 2Technique & Interpretation at the BedsideThe six-step HIT recipe, identifying overt and covert saccades, and integrating HIT into HINTS 3Pitfalls, vHIT & the Dangerous NegativeCommon examination errors, when to escalate to vHIT, and the stroke triage implications of a normal HIT in AVS
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

10. Disposition Decisions — Safe Discharge After Dizziness

Evidence-based criteria for safe ED discharge of dizzy patients. TiTrATE risk stratification, the five convergent criteria for defensible discharge, documentation that protects the clinician, outpatient referral pathways, and the medicolegal risk of missed posterior fossa stroke.

▶ Clinician Videos (3)
1 Risk Stratification & Red FlagsTiTrATE framework, HINTS with gait, and the red flags that override the discharge pathway 2 Safe Discharge & DocumentationThe five convergent criteria for safe discharge and the documentation that protects the clinician 3 Referrals & MedicolegalOutpatient referral pathways with urgency thresholds and structural mitigation of missed posterior fossa stroke
🎧 Clinician Audio (3)
1Risk Stratification & Red FlagsTiTrATE, HINTS with gait, and the red flags that override the discharge pathway 2Safe Discharge & DocumentationThe five convergent criteria and the documentation that protects patient and clinician 3Referrals & Medicolegal ConsiderationsOutpatient pathways with urgency thresholds and structural mitigation of medicolegal risk
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review
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Vestibular Physiotherapists Rehabilitation frameworks, balance and gait training, VFT-informed exercise protocols, and assessment tools.
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VRT Principles & Evidence Base

Foundational principles of vestibular rehabilitation: neuroplasticity mechanisms, evidence base, and exercise prescription frameworks.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1 Why VRT Works: Neuroplasticity & AdaptationCentral compensation and the neuroplastic mechanisms that underpin vestibular rehabilitation 2 Patient Selection & AssessmentSelecting candidates for VRT, baseline assessment, and red flags that defer rehabilitation 3 Exercise Prescription PrinciplesFrequency, intensity, type, and progression — building an evidence-based VRT programme 4 Outcome Measurement & ProgressionValidated outcome measures, dose-response, and criteria for progressing or discharging
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Why VRT Works: Neuroplasticity & AdaptationCentral compensation and the neuroplastic mechanisms that underpin vestibular rehabilitation 2Patient Selection & AssessmentSelecting candidates for VRT, baseline assessment, and red flags that defer rehabilitation 3Exercise Prescription PrinciplesFrequency, intensity, type, and progression — building an evidence-based VRT programme 4Outcome Measurement & ProgressionValidated outcome measures, dose-response, and criteria for progressing or discharging
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Gaze Stabilisation Training

VOR adaptation training — exercise prescription, dose-response, and progression for gaze instability.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1 The VOR & Why Adaptation Works Retinal slip as the error signal driving cerebellar plasticity 2 Patient Selection & Indications Confirming gaze-stability deficit before prescribing GST 3 Exercise Library x1, x2, near-far switching, busy-background and walking layers 4 Outcome Measurement & Progression DVA, fHIT, DHI, ABC at 4-6 weeks; plateau and onward referral
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1 The VOR & Why Adaptation Works Retinal slip as the error signal driving cerebellar plasticity 2 Patient Selection & Indications Confirming gaze-stability deficit before prescribing GST 3 Exercise Library x1, x2, near-far switching, busy-background and walking layers 4 Outcome Measurement & Progression DVA, fHIT, DHI, ABC at 4-6 weeks; plateau and onward referral
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

BPPV — All Variants (Physio focus)

Recognising and treating posterior, horizontal, and anterior canal BPPV with the appropriate repositioning manoeuvre.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1 Canal Anatomy & Variant Recognition Posterior 85%, horizontal 10%, anterior 1–2%; canalithiasis vs cupulolithiasis 2 Diagnostic Manoeuvres Dix-Hallpike, supine roll, ear-down testing — confirming the canal 3 Repositioning Manoeuvres Epley, Semont, BBQ roll, Gufoni, Yacovino by canal variant 4 Post-Manoeuvre Care, Recurrence & Referral Aftercare, recurrence rates, plateau triggers, onward referral
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1 Canal Anatomy & Variant Recognition Posterior 85%, horizontal 10%, anterior 1–2%; canalithiasis vs cupulolithiasis 2 Diagnostic Manoeuvres Dix-Hallpike, supine roll, ear-down testing — confirming the canal 3 Repositioning Manoeuvres Epley, Semont, BBQ roll, Gufoni, Yacovino by canal variant 4 Post-Manoeuvre Care, Recurrence & Referral Aftercare, recurrence rates, plateau triggers, onward referral
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Balance & Gait Rehabilitation

Sensory-integration assessment, progressive balance training, and gait re-education for vestibular patients.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Balance Systems & Sensory IntegrationVestibular, visual and somatosensory weighting and the central reweighting that drives rehab2Assessment BatteryMini-BESTest, FGA, ABC scale and TUG — thresholds and MCIDs that defend rehab decisions3Progressive Exercise PrescriptionStatic, reactive and dynamic balance exercises — dosing, progression, deficit-matching4Falls Prevention & Real-World CarryoverOtago, STEADI, vitamin D, OT review and the six-week wrap that proves it worked
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Balance Systems & Sensory IntegrationVestibular, visual and somatosensory weighting and the central reweighting that drives rehab2Assessment BatteryMini-BESTest, FGA, ABC scale and TUG — thresholds and MCIDs that defend rehab decisions3Progressive Exercise PrescriptionStatic, reactive and dynamic balance exercises — dosing, progression, deficit-matching4Falls Prevention & Real-World CarryoverOtago, STEADI, vitamin D, OT review and the six-week wrap that proves it worked
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Bilateral Vestibulopathy Rehab

Substitution-based rehabilitation strategies for patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Diagnosis & Functional ImpactBárány Society 2017 criteria, aetiology buckets, and the assessment battery for bilateral loss2Substitution StrategyWhy adaptation fails — cervico-ocular reflex, saccadic substitution, visual preprogramming and proprioceptive reweighting3Exercise ProgramsDosing template for cervico-ocular, saccadic, balance and dim-condition training; progression rules4Long-term Compensation & QoLOscillopsia management, falls prevention bundle, prognosis and indefinite maintenance programme
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Diagnosis & Functional ImpactBárány Society 2017 criteria, aetiology buckets, and the assessment battery for bilateral loss2Substitution StrategyWhy adaptation fails — cervico-ocular reflex, saccadic substitution, visual preprogramming and proprioceptive reweighting3Exercise ProgramsDosing template for cervico-ocular, saccadic, balance and dim-condition training; progression rules4Long-term Compensation & QoLOscillopsia management, falls prevention bundle, prognosis and indefinite maintenance programme
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Cervicogenic Dizziness

Diagnostic criteria, cervical assessment, and combined manual-therapy plus exercise approach.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Diagnostic Criteria & DifferentialWrisley criteria; ruling out vestibular and central causes before labelling cervicogenic2Cervical AssessmentJPE test, smooth pursuit neck torsion, ROM and segmental palpation battery3Manual Therapy & Vestibular ComboCombined manual therapy and vestibular exercises driving the 8 to 12 week response4Outcome Tracking & Refer OnwardNDI, JPE, FGA tracking; onward referral for migraine, trauma, radiculopathy or plateau
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Diagnostic Criteria & DifferentialWrisley criteria; ruling out vestibular and central causes before labelling cervicogenic2Cervical AssessmentJPE test, smooth pursuit neck torsion, ROM and segmental palpation battery3Manual Therapy & Vestibular ComboCombined manual therapy and vestibular exercises driving the 8 to 12 week response4Outcome Tracking & Refer OnwardNDI, JPE, FGA tracking; onward referral for migraine, trauma, radiculopathy or plateau
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Concussion / mTBI Vestibular Rehab

Vestibular rehabilitation for post-concussive dizziness — VOMS, sub-symptom dosing, and return-to-activity progression.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Concussion Pathway & Five TrajectoriesVestibular, ocular, cervical, cognitive, mood — dominant trajectory directs the lead therapy2Oculomotor Dysfunction & the VOMS BatteryMaster 2016 prevalence, full 7-domain VOMS protocol, Mucha 2014 sensitivity and specificity3Buffalo Treadmill & Sub-Symptom Threshold ExerciseFull BCTT protocol, Leddy 2019 RCT data, 80–85 percent threshold dosing4Return-to-Activity Ladder, Paediatric Care & ReferralBerlin and Amsterdam 6-stage ladder, SCAT6 gates, paediatric and persistent care
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Concussion Pathway & Five TrajectoriesVestibular, ocular, cervical, cognitive, mood — dominant trajectory directs the lead therapy2Oculomotor Dysfunction & the VOMS BatteryMaster 2016 prevalence, full 7-domain VOMS protocol, Mucha 2014 sensitivity and specificity3Buffalo Treadmill & Sub-Symptom Threshold ExerciseFull BCTT protocol, Leddy 2019 RCT data, 80–85 percent threshold dosing4Return-to-Activity Ladder, Paediatric Care & ReferralBerlin and Amsterdam 6-stage ladder, SCAT6 gates, paediatric and persistent care
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Functional Dizziness — Physio Approach

Physio approach to functional dizziness and PPPD-spectrum presentations — graded exposure and habituation.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Functional vs Structural Dizziness — Mechanism ModelsFoundational mechanism model that frames the rest of the series2Behavioural Assessment & CBT IntegrationAssessment and engagement workflow used in the clinic3Graded Exposure & Habituation ProtocolsStructured rehabilitation programme step by step4Outcome Measurement & Long-Term MaintenanceOutcome measurement, plateau triage and long-term maintenance
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Functional vs Structural Dizziness — Mechanism ModelsFoundational mechanism model that frames the rest of the series2Behavioural Assessment & CBT IntegrationAssessment and engagement workflow used in the clinic3Graded Exposure & Habituation ProtocolsStructured rehabilitation programme step by step4Outcome Measurement & Long-Term MaintenanceOutcome measurement, plateau triage and long-term maintenance
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Outcome Measures in VRT

Patient-reported and performance-based outcome tools, MCIDs, and re-test frequency for VRT.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1Why Measure? Domains, Frameworks, MCID ConceptsWhy outcome measurement matters, the ICF-mapped framework, and the MCID concept that drives meaningful change2Patient-Reported Tools (DHI, ABC, VVAS, NPQ)Scoring, interpreting and acting on the four core questionnaires — subscale patterns drive treatment focus3Performance-Based Tools (FGA, Mini-BESTest, Romberg, DVA)The objective battery that pairs with the questionnaires — dynamic gait, balance subsystems, sensory weighting, gaze4Interpreting Change & Driving ProgressionMCID interpretation rules, plateau triage, progression decisions and discharge criteria
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1Why Measure? Domains, Frameworks, MCID ConceptsWhy outcome measurement matters, the ICF-mapped framework, and the MCID concept that drives meaningful change2Patient-Reported Tools (DHI, ABC, VVAS, NPQ)Scoring, interpreting and acting on the four core questionnaires — subscale patterns drive treatment focus3Performance-Based Tools (FGA, Mini-BESTest, Romberg, DVA)The objective battery that pairs with the questionnaires — dynamic gait, balance subsystems, sensory weighting, gaze4Interpreting Change & Driving ProgressionMCID interpretation rules, plateau triage, progression decisions and discharge criteria
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

PPPD — Rehab Component

PPPD-specific rehabilitation programme — VRT plus CBT-informed structure for chronic functional dizziness.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1PPPD Diagnostic Criteria & Mechanism (Bárány Society 2017)Bárány 2017 diagnostic criteria and the 3P mechanism model2CBT-Informed Assessment & EngagementPatient-reported tools, predictive-coding script, and engagement strategy3VRT + CBT Programme Structure & DosageIntegrated graded exposure, visual desensitisation, and CBT dosage4Pharmacotherapy Adjuncts & Long-term OutcomesSSRI/SNRI coordination, combination care, and outcome data
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1PPPD Diagnostic Criteria & Mechanism (Bárány Society 2017)Bárány 2017 diagnostic criteria and the 3P mechanism model2CBT-Informed Assessment & EngagementPatient-reported tools, predictive-coding script, and engagement strategy3VRT + CBT Programme Structure & DosageIntegrated graded exposure, visual desensitisation, and CBT dosage4Pharmacotherapy Adjuncts & Long-term OutcomesSSRI/SNRI coordination, combination care, and outcome data
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

VFT Interpretation (Physio lens)

Reading vHIT, caloric, and VEMP reports to guide exercise selection and rehabilitation planning.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1vHIT — Reading Gain, Saccades, and AsymmetryRead vHIT canal by canal: gain, refixation saccades, and the affected-plane prescription that follows.2Caloric Testing and Rotational ChairJongkees canal paresis and rotation phase — pairing the low and mid-frequency probes with vHIT.3VEMP — cVEMP and oVEMP (Otolith Integrity)Saccule and utricle assessment, SVV, and the otolith-targeted rehab additions canal work misses.4Integrating VFT Into the Rehabilitation PlanThree-vertex map and five rehab phenotypes — turning a six-page VFT report into a one-page plan.
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1vHIT — Reading Gain, Saccades, and AsymmetryRead vHIT canal by canal: gain, refixation saccades, and the affected-plane prescription that follows.2Caloric Testing and Rotational ChairJongkees canal paresis and rotation phase — pairing the low and mid-frequency probes with vHIT.3VEMP — cVEMP and oVEMP (Otolith Integrity)Saccule and utricle assessment, SVV, and the otolith-targeted rehab additions canal work misses.4Integrating VFT Into the Rehabilitation PlanThree-vertex map and five rehab phenotypes — turning a six-page VFT report into a one-page plan.
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review

Vestibular Migraine — Rehab

Trigger management, cautious dosing, and co-management of vestibular migraine in the rehab setting.

▶ Clinician Videos (4)
1VM Diagnostic Criteria and Common TriggersBárány Society and IHS criteria, and the six trigger categories that shape lifestyle prescription.2Trigger Management and Lifestyle PillarsSleep, hydration, diet and aerobic exercise — the foundation of VM rehabilitation.3Cautious Dosing and Habituation LimitsWhy standard VRT fails in VM and the 25–30% dose principle for safe progression.4Long-term Outcomes and Co-management12-week trajectory, plateau handling, and joint review with the vestibular physician.
🎧 Clinician Audio (4)
1VM Diagnostic Criteria and Common TriggersBárány Society and IHS criteria, and the six trigger categories that shape lifestyle prescription.2Trigger Management and Lifestyle PillarsSleep, hydration, diet and aerobic exercise — the foundation of VM rehabilitation.3Cautious Dosing and Habituation LimitsWhy standard VRT fails in VM and the 25–30% dose principle for safe progression.4Long-term Outcomes and Co-management12-week trajectory, plateau handling, and joint review with the vestibular physician.
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet📚 Clinician Literature Review
06
Clinicians Managing Dizziness in Children Paediatric vestibular assessment, age-specific presentations, diagnostic frameworks, and management pathways.
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▶ More videos and audio coming soon. The paediatric clinician video and audio series is currently in production and will be added to these topics progressively. Cheat sheets and literature reviews are available now.

PVM01. Normal Vestibular Development

Understanding normal vestibular maturation from birth through adolescence is essential for identifying pathological deviations. This topic covers developmental milestones, normative testing data, and age-appropriate clinical expectations.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Normal Vestibular Development PVM01 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM02. Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood

BPVC is the most common cause of episodic vertigo in young children, characterised by brief attacks of dizziness without hearing loss or tinnitus. It is closely related to migraine and typically resolves with age.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood PVM02 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM03. Vestibular Migraine in Children

Vestibular migraine is the leading cause of recurrent vertigo in children and adolescents. Recognition requires awareness of episodic vestibular symptoms that may precede or occur independently of headache.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Vestibular Migraine in Children PVM03 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM04. BPPV in Children

Although rare compared to adults, BPPV occurs in paediatric patients and is frequently underdiagnosed. Canal repositioning manoeuvres are effective but require age-appropriate technique and patient cooperation.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — BPPV in Children PVM04 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM05. Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children

Acute unilateral vestibular loss in children presents differently from adults. This topic covers the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of viral vestibular injury in the paediatric age group.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis in Children PVM05 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM06. Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology

Posterior fossa tumours, demyelination, and cerebellar disorders require urgent recognition. This topic equips clinicians with the red flag features distinguishing central from peripheral vestibular pathology in children.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Central Causes and Posterior Fossa Pathology PVM06 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM07. Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome

EVA is one of the most common identifiable causes of sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction in children. Early identification enables appropriate management and counselling to prevent progression.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome PVM07 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM08. Syndromic Vestibular Disorders

Usher syndrome, CHARGE, Waardenburg, Pendred syndrome and other genetic conditions carry significant vestibular morbidity. This topic covers vestibular features, screening priorities, and multidisciplinary management.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Syndromic Vestibular Disorders PVM08 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM09. Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction

Aminoglycosides, platinum-based chemotherapy, and other ototoxic agents pose particular risks in children. Monitoring protocols, early detection strategies, and rehabilitation are covered in depth.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Ototoxicity and Drug-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction PVM09 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM10. Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction

Chronic and recurrent otitis media can produce subtle but clinically significant vestibular impairment in children. This topic examines the mechanisms, detection, and management of otitis media-related vestibular dysfunction.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician video (upload pending) 5 Video 5 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician video (upload pending)
🎧 Clinician Audio (5)
1 Audio 1 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician audio (upload pending) 2 Audio 2 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician audio (upload pending) 3 Audio 3 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician audio (upload pending) 4 Audio 4 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician audio (upload pending) 5 Audio 5 — Otitis Media and Vestibular Dysfunction PVM10 clinician audio (upload pending)
📄 Clinical Cheat Sheet 📚 Clinician Literature Review

PVM11. Concussion and Post-Traumatic Vestibular Dysfunction

Vestibular dysfunction is one of the most persistent sequelae of paediatric concussion. This topic covers post-traumatic vestibulopathy, assessment protocols, and evidence-based rehabilitation strategies.

▶ Clinician Videos (5)
1 Video 1 — Concussion and Post-Traumatic Vestibular Dysfunction PVM11 clinician video (upload pending) 2 Video 2 — Concussion and Post-Traumatic Vestibular Dysfunction PVM11 clinician video (upload pending) 3 Video 3 — Concussion and Post-Traumatic Vestibular Dysfunction PVM11 clinician video (upload pending) 4 Video 4 — Concussion and Post-Traumatic Vestibular Dysfunction